How Do Combines Work? (VIDEO)

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During harvest season, combine harvesters can be found all over Illinois fields. But what exactly do they do? Learn how this versatile machine changed the farming industry by streamlining the process of harvesting grains.

See more: How a Corn and Soybean Planter Works (VIDEO)

What Is a Combine?

In , Hiram Moore built and patented the first combine harvester in the United States. Before its invention, nearly 90% of the U.S. population worked on farms. Combine harvesters get their name from the way they automatically combine the processes of harvesting and separating of grain crops into one step, an otherwise laborious series of operations once done separately. It can harvest crops like corn, wheat, soybeans, rye, barley and oats. After gathering crops, the combine cuts them at the base, feeds them into a threshing drum that shakes the grains away from their stalks and sweeps the unwanted material to the back of the machine.

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How Does a Combine Work?

1. The combine (pronounced COMM-bine) header strips the plant of ears or pods close to the ground and moves them into the machine. Farmers switch out the header depending on if they harvest soybeans, corn or other crops.
2. The crops move toward the center via spinning augers or belts and travel up a conveyor.
3. The threshing segment or rotors of the combine beat the ears or pods to break and shake the grains (from crops such as corn) or oilseeds (from crops such as soybeans) away from their cobs or pods.
4. The separated grains or oilseeds travel by conveyor into a crop tank. The unwanted stalks, husks, cobs, pods and/or bits of leaves &#; known as chaff or residue &#; move along different conveyors, as more grain or oilseeds fall through into the tank.
5. When the crop tank is full, a tractor with a cart on the back pulls alongside the combine. The harvested crop is carried up from the tank by an elevator and shoots out of a side pipe, or unloader, into the cart.
6. The crop residue exits the back of the machine to either be spread across a wide area or baled to use for animal bedding. Most machines use a chopper to make it smaller and more manageable.

Todd VerHeecke, a Henry County farmer who also works for a major farm implement manufacturer, contributed to this content.

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Machine used to harvest corn

A corn harvester is a machine used on farms to harvest corn, stripping the stalks about one foot from the ground shooting the stalks through the header to the ground. The corn is stripped from its stalk and then moves through the header to the intake conveyor belt. From there it goes up the conveying system through a fan system, separating the remaining stalks from the ears. The stalks blow out the fan duct into the field while the ears drop onto another conveyor belt. The ears ride the belt and drop into a large moving bucket.

This method is done with both fresh corn and seed corn.

The first mechanical corn harvester was developed in by Gleaner Harvester Combine Corporation of Independence, Missouri. The unit was pulled by a tractor with the unit on the left side.[1]

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